Oil burner



July 28; 1942. EL I 2,291,084

OIL BURNER Filed March 22, 1939 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY}.

July 28, 1942. w. KLIMPEL 2,291,084 OIL BURNER ,1 Filed March '22, 1939 v 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 July 28,1 4 w.- ku-MPEL 2,291,084

' 0IL BURNER Filed March 22, 1959 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR.

Wa/fer K/Jm Oe/ T ORNEY.

Patented July 28, 1942 UNITED STATES "PATENT OFFICE OIL BURNER Walter Klimpel, Seattle, Wash. Application March 22, 1939, Serial Nb. 263,485

4 Claims.

This invention relates to oil burners and for its principal object is directed to the provision of a crude-oil burner having the parts thereof so designed and arranged as to assure appreciably more eflicient combustion than has heretofore been possible and, in fact, to provide a burner permitting the use of the heavier fuel oils with substantially less carbonizing within the combustion chamber of the burner than is, in the large majority of burners, developed even from the very light Diesel-type oils.

In the accomplishment of this and other more particular objects and advantages which will appear in the course of the following detailed description and claims, the invention consists in the novel construction, adaptation and combination of parts illustrated in the accompanying drawings and hereinafter described and claimed.

In said drawings- Figure 1 is a top plan view illustrating a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a view thereof taken partly in side elevation and partly in longitudinal vertical section and representing by dotted lines the inoperative position of the nozzle-carrying fuel head.

Fig. 3 is a detail transverse vertical section to an enlarged scale illustrating the fuel pump, the section being taken on line 33 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a detail vertical section to an enlarged scale illustrating the relief valve which lies in a the low-pressure pipe of the fuel-supply system.

Fig. 5 is a vertical section with parts in elevation and taken to an enlarged scale to detail the oil-screening discharge which leads to the fuel head from the heating tank of the burner assembly.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged top plan view of the fuel head, the oil-flow pipes by which oil is circulated through the same being shown in section.

Fig. 7 is a longitudinal vertical section taken to an enlarged scale on line 1--1 of Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is a transverse vertical section on line 8-8 of Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a transverse vertical section detailing the hinge mounting by means of which the fuel head is swung from the operating to the inoperative positions shown by full and dotted lines in Fig. 2; and

Fig. 10 is a longitudinal vertical section on line Ill-40 of Fig. 9.

Having reference to said drawings, the numeral ll denotes a burner casing which is generally tubular in shape to provide an air tunnel having a fan I2 at its rear end revoluble about a transtrolled side opening I4.

end with a snoot l3 formed internally with a series of spiral vanes l3 for directionally influencing the pressure column of air, the air being drawn into the fan through a damper-conl5 designates an electric motor coupled in co-axial driving relation to the fan shaft and I6 represents the electric cable supplying current to the motor and to an ignition transformer l1. Normally closed by a cover plate l8, the casing is formed in its upper wall with an opening to accommodate the swinging movement of the fuel head, represented by l9, into and from an operative position within the tunnel. The details of said head and the hinge mounting therefor will be described hereinafter.

Lying at one side of the burner casing and desirably formed to an L-shape is a heating tank of which the horizontal leg thereof operates as a heating chamber and the vertical leg as an expansion chamber, the heating chamber receiving an electric heating element 2|. In the expansion chamber is a discharge strainer which is or may be comprised of a plurality of disc-type screens 22 surmounting one another on a perforated vertical tube 23, the tube being closed at its upper end by a screen-clamping nut 24 and connecting at its lower end to a delivery pipe 25 through which oil is drawn to a pump and forced therefrom at a relatively high pressure to the fuel head. Access to the strainer is provided by a cap 26 normally secured by a clamp 21. Denoted by 28 is a fuel-return pipe leading to a fuel-supply pipe leading to the heating tank 7 and operating to deliver oil thereto at a relatively low pressure from a pump which is fed from a source of oil supply, and 30 denotes a relief pipe which returns to the supply source from the expansion chamber of the heating tank, being connected thereto above the upper limits of the discharge tube 23. It will be noted that the fuel-supply pipe 29 is prolonged through the heating chamber to obtain an initial pre-heating in its passage therethrough, said pipe discharging into the chamber at the end thereof remote from the discharge strainer 22 to assure a hot condition of the oil prior to its passage through the interstices of the screening discs. Controlled by the temperature of the oil within the heating tank are a pair of aquastats 3| and 32, the one acting to thermostatically govern the energizing of the electric heater 2| and the other the electric motor [5.

Describingthepipe lines 25 and 29 and the high verse horizontal axis and fitted at its forward and low pressure pumps therefor in more particularity, it is desirable from the standpoint of economy in production that said pumps employ a single housing and to that end I provide a casing 33 which at one side provides a high-pressure pumping chamber and at the other side a lowpressure pumping chamber, shafts common to both pumps passing through a separating partition for driving the complementary gears 3435 of the high-pressure pump and the complementary gears 36-31 of the low-pressure pump in unison. Sealing rings for the shafts are introduced to pockets therefor formed in the partition and are locked in position by press-fitted washers 38, the sealing rings being of well-known con struction providing collars 40 compressed over the shafts by the differential in pressure obtaining. Power to the pump shafts is taken by a reduction belt 4| from the electric motor l5. As will, it is believed, be obvious, the higher pressure of the one pump is obtained by employing a discharge pipe 25 appreciably reduced in its flow capacity from that of the suction pipe 25, the latter having a like flow capacity to that of both the discharge and suction pipes 29 and 29' of the low-pressure pump.

Introduced in the pipe 29 is a valve body 42 providing upper and lower chambers normally isolated by a pressure-governing relief valve 43 which is influenced into its closed position by a spring 44 regulated as to tension by a screw 45, the lower chamber having openings to and from the same to receive connecting sections of the pipe 29 and the upper chamber having openings to and from the same to receive connecting sections of the relief pipe 30. 46 indicates a pressure gauge for setting the relief valve.

Reverting now to the fuel head, it may be here stated for purposes of clarifying the same functionally that the efficiency of the burner from a combustion standpoint is the direct result of holding the preheated oil at a high temperature and this I accomplish by providing for a circulation of oil through a circuit including the heating tank and the fuel head, this circulation permitting a large volume of oil to be carried at a high velocity to the fuel head as distinguished from the relatively small volume of oil which the normal fuel-ejecting nozzle is capable of passing. Stated otherwise, my burner provides for an oil circuit in which the major part of the oil by-passes the nozzle and is carried back to the heating tank 'with only a minor portion of the oil being ejected through the nozzle into the combustion chamber of the furnace. head, I form the same with connecting chambers .at the forward and rear ends and into the forward chamber introduce the nozzle assembly "which is or may be conventionally comprised of a :nozzle 50 internally formed with helical grooves,

Particularly describing said a mounting screw 5|, and a needle valve 52, the nozzle being threadably fitted with a thimble strainer 53. The mounting screw, as indicated, is bored from opposite ends and the needle valve which operates to regulate the flow of oil to the nozzle is supported by a bearing nut 54 and is urged into its open position by a minor spring 55. An admission port to the forward chamber of the head connects by an L-fitting 56 with a pipe section 25" leading from the pipe 25. A portion of the admitted oil is fed to the rear bore of the mounting screw 5| through a lateral opening in the wall of the latter, and the major part ofthe oil is by-passed into the rear chamber of the head and carried therefrom through a nipple 51 to a pipe section 28' and therefrom through connecting pipe 28 to the heating tank. Between the two chambers of the head and opening against the resistance of a major spring 58 by developed pressure of the oil within the forward chamber is a piston 59 which is longitudinally channeled along its periphery to form the by-pass channel for the oil. An adjusting nut for the spring 58 is represented by 60 and a closure for the rear end of the head by 6 I.

Designated by 62 are oil-igniting electrodes supported by the fuel head to overlie the nozzle, these electrodes being carried through suitable insulators 63 and at their rear ends being formed to provide plug sockets for the detachable reception of cables leading from opposite poles of a normally incomplete electric circuit. It is to be particularly noted that the gap-governing ends of the electrodes diverge forwardly from one another, an arrangement which I find acts to direct the spark outwardly under the influence of the pressure air column to obtain a bowed arc across the terminals. A stationary vane 65 supported over a shaft prolongation of the nut 6| operates with the vanes l3 to impart rotary motion to the pressure column of combustion-supporting air.

Referring now to the hinge mounting for the head, permitting ready access to the latter for cleaning the thimble screen of the nozzle assembly, I employ the pipes 25" and 28 as supporting legs for the head and connect the root ends of these pipes to a fitting 66 which finds a pivotal mounting between the box 61 and cap 68 of a bearing provided on a perpendicular arm 10 projecting upwardly from the burner casing. The pipes 25' and 28 connect with this fitting through suitable ground-joint unions 1| and 12 disposed coaxial with the box 61, permitting the fuel head to be swung from the full to the dotted-line positions shown in Fig. 2.

The invention is believed clear from the foregoing detailed description taken in connection with the illustrated disclosure of the now preferred embodiment thereof. I wish it to be understood, however, that I imply n0 unnecessary restrictions therefrom and intend that the hereto annexed claims be given a scope in their interpretation commensurate with the state of the advance in the art.

What I claim is:

1. In an oil burner including an air tube, a blower for forcing a pressure column of combustion-supporting air through the air tube, a fuel head having a discharge nozzle supported in the air tube, a source of oil supply, and a heating tank characterized in that the same is of an L- shape to provide a chamber of reduced dimensions extending upwardly from the heating chamber proper of the tank, said upward extension of the L-shaped heating tank constituting an expansion chamber: the improvement which includes connection from the source of oil supply to said heating tank; a fuel pipe leading to the fuel head; a strainer supported in said upward extension of the heating tank and connecting with the fuel-admission end of said fuel pipe for supplying strained hot oil to the latter; a pump in said fuel pipe for forcing the strained hot oil through the same; a by-pass connection from the fuel head to the heating tank for returning a portion of the heated oil from the head to the heating tank; and connection from the upper limits of said expansion chamber of the heating tank to the source of oil supply for passing gas to the latter and thereby maintaining a liquid level within the expansion chamber above the admission opening to the strainer.

2. In an oil burner including an air'tube, a blower for forcing a pressure column of combustion-supporting air through the air tube, a fuel head having a discharge nozzle supported in the air tube, a source of oil supply, and a heating tank: the improvement which includes a fuel pipe leading from thesupply source to the heating tank; an oil-circulatin pipe leading from the heating tank to the fuel head and returning therefrom to the heating tank, said fuel head having a by-pass valve between the admission and discharge openings from and to said oil-circulating pipe and a needle valve between said admission opening and the discharge nozzle of the head, and being provided with a, minor spring tending to open the latter of said valves and a second and major spring common to both of said valves and tending to close the same; a pump for supplying oil from the source of oil supply to the heating tank; and a pump operating to force oil under pressure from said heating tank through the oil-circulating pipe, the pressure of the oil supplied through said oil-circulating pipe to the fuel head operating to open the by-pass valve in opposition to the major spring,thereby by-passing oil back to the heating tank and coincidently relieving the needle valve of the closing influence of the major spring and permitting the minor spring to assert its influence in opening the needle valve to supply oil for combustion purposes to the discharge nozzle of the head.

3. An oil burner according to claim 2 characterized in that means are provided for adjusting the tension of the major spring for governing the pressure at which the by-pass valve opens to bypass oil back to the heating tank.

4. In an oil burner, in combination with a heating tank for the oil having a fuel-delivery pipe and a fuel-return pipe leading from and to the same, respectively, and means for forcing the oil under pressure from the tank through said fuel-delivery pipe: a fuel head having connecting chambers of which one chamber is supplied with oil from the fuel-delivery pipe and of which the other chamber returns a portion of the oil to the heating tank; a fuel-discharge nozzle from said fuel-admission chamber of the head; a piston working in and normally C1OSiI1g the connection between said chambers and provided with a channel extending longitudinally along the periphery for a portion of the pistons length and functioning by movement of the piston from a normal closed to an open position to communicatively connect the chambers and by such communication pass oil from the first-named or fuel-admission chamber to the last-named chamber of the head; a needle valve for said discharge nozzle of the head received in the fuel-admission chamber to have its rear end abut the forward end of the piston; a major spring engaging the rear end of the piston and acting in opposition to the pressure of the oil within the fuel-admission chamber to influence both the piston and the needle valve into closed positions; and a minor spring engaging the needle valve to act in opposition to the closing influence of the major spring whereby to open said needle valve coincident with the opening movement of the piston as the latter is forced rearwardly by pressure of oil within the fuel-admission chamber of the head.

WALTER KLIMPEL. 

